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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) causes enormous suffering to people living with it, who will typically experience one or more main fears (obsessions) and will develop behaviors to try to prevent those fears from happening (compulsions – also called rituals). OCD sufferers may also enlist family members to try to prevent bad things from happening. This might help in the short term but actually maintains OCD over time.
Obsessions can cover a wide range of themes, including contamination, causing sexual harm to others, causing violence to others, symmetry, religious scrupulosity, health or body sensations, things being not-just-right, relationships, emotional contamination, sounds, bodily sensations, and perfectionism. Importantly, these thoughts are experienced as intrusive, unwanted, and upsetting. Efforts to cope with these thoughts can involve intense levels of avoidance and hours of practicing behaviors to try to neutralize them.